# Security Documentation
## Secure MCP Server - Security Architecture and Controls
### Executive Summary
The Secure MCP Server implements defense-in-depth security architecture with multiple layers of protection, comprehensive threat modeling, and compliance with enterprise security standards including SOC 2 Type II, ISO 27001, and NIST Cybersecurity Framework.
## Table of Contents
1. [Security Architecture](#security-architecture)
2. [Threat Model](#threat-model)
3. [Security Controls](#security-controls)
4. [Authentication & Authorization](#authentication--authorization)
5. [Data Protection](#data-protection)
6. [Network Security](#network-security)
7. [Application Security](#application-security)
8. [Infrastructure Security](#infrastructure-security)
9. [Security Monitoring](#security-monitoring)
10. [Incident Response](#incident-response)
11. [Compliance](#compliance)
12. [Security Best Practices](#security-best-practices)
## Security Architecture
### Defense-in-Depth Layers
```
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ External Perimeter │
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ CDN / DDoS Protection │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ Web Application Firewall (WAF) │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ Network Perimeter │
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ Load Balancers │ │
│ │ (TLS Termination) │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ Network Segmentation │ │
│ │ (VPC/Subnets) │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ Application Layer │
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ Authentication & Authorization │ │
│ │ (JWT + MFA) │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ Input Validation │ │
│ │ Output Encoding │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ Rate Limiting │ │
│ │ Session Management │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ Data Layer │
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ Encryption at Rest │ │
│ │ Encryption in Transit │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ Database Security │ │
│ │ Secret Management (Vault) │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ Monitoring & Audit │
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ Security Monitoring │ │
│ │ Audit Logging │ │
│ │ Threat Detection │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
### Security Zones
| Zone | Description | Security Level | Access Control |
|------|-------------|---------------|----------------|
| Public DMZ | External-facing services | Low Trust | WAF, DDoS protection |
| Application Zone | MCP servers | Medium Trust | Network segmentation, mTLS |
| Data Zone | Databases, caches | High Trust | Private subnets, encryption |
| Management Zone | Admin services | Critical | VPN, MFA, audit logging |
## Threat Model
### STRIDE Analysis
#### 1. Spoofing Identity
**Threats:**
- Stolen credentials
- Session hijacking
- Token replay attacks
- Phishing attacks
**Mitigations:**
- Multi-factor authentication (TOTP/SMS)
- JWT with short expiration times
- Refresh token rotation
- Session binding to IP/device
- Anti-phishing training
#### 2. Tampering with Data
**Threats:**
- Man-in-the-middle attacks
- SQL injection
- Data manipulation
- Cache poisoning
**Mitigations:**
- TLS 1.3 for all communications
- Input validation and sanitization
- Parameterized queries
- Digital signatures for critical data
- Redis ACLs and authentication
#### 3. Repudiation
**Threats:**
- Denial of actions
- Log tampering
- Unauthorized changes
**Mitigations:**
- Comprehensive audit logging
- Log integrity protection
- Centralized log management
- Digital signatures on transactions
- Immutable audit trail
#### 4. Information Disclosure
**Threats:**
- Data breaches
- Unauthorized access
- Information leakage
- Side-channel attacks
**Mitigations:**
- Encryption at rest (AES-256)
- Encryption in transit (TLS 1.3)
- Data classification and labeling
- Least privilege access
- Secure error handling
#### 5. Denial of Service
**Threats:**
- DDoS attacks
- Resource exhaustion
- Application layer attacks
- Database connection exhaustion
**Mitigations:**
- CloudFlare DDoS protection
- Rate limiting per endpoint
- Connection pooling
- Circuit breakers
- Auto-scaling
#### 6. Elevation of Privilege
**Threats:**
- Privilege escalation
- Unauthorized admin access
- Container escape
- Kernel exploits
**Mitigations:**
- Role-based access control (RBAC)
- Principle of least privilege
- Container security policies
- Regular security updates
- Runtime security monitoring
### Attack Surface Analysis
```yaml
Attack Surfaces:
API Endpoints:
- Authentication endpoints
- Tool execution endpoints
- Admin endpoints
Risk: High
Controls: Rate limiting, input validation, authentication
WebSocket Connections:
- Connection establishment
- Message handling
- Session management
Risk: Medium
Controls: Token validation, message validation, timeout
Database:
- SQL queries
- Connection strings
- Stored procedures
Risk: High
Controls: Parameterized queries, connection encryption, access control
File System:
- Log files
- Temporary files
- Configuration files
Risk: Medium
Controls: File permissions, encryption, secure deletion
Dependencies:
- NPM packages
- Docker images
- System libraries
Risk: Medium
Controls: Dependency scanning, version pinning, security updates
```
## Security Controls
### Technical Controls
#### Authentication Controls
```typescript
// JWT Configuration
const jwtConfig = {
algorithm: 'RS256',
issuer: 'https://api.secure-mcp.enterprise.com',
audience: 'mcp-clients',
expiresIn: '1h',
notBefore: '0s',
keyRotation: true,
keyRotationInterval: '7d'
};
// Password Policy
const passwordPolicy = {
minLength: 12,
requireUppercase: true,
requireLowercase: true,
requireNumbers: true,
requireSpecialChars: true,
preventReuse: 10,
maxAge: 90, // days
preventCommonPasswords: true
};
// MFA Configuration
const mfaConfig = {
required: true,
methods: ['totp', 'sms', 'webauthn'],
backupCodes: 10,
totpWindow: 1,
smsTimeout: 300, // seconds
webauthnTimeout: 60000 // milliseconds
};
```
#### Input Validation
```typescript
// Request validation middleware
import { body, param, query, validationResult } from 'express-validator';
const toolExecutionValidation = [
body('toolId')
.isString()
.matches(/^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$/)
.isLength({ min: 3, max: 50 }),
body('parameters')
.isObject()
.custom((value) => {
// Deep validation of parameters
return validateAgainstSchema(value);
}),
body('timeout')
.optional()
.isInt({ min: 1000, max: 300000 })
];
// SQL Injection prevention
const sanitizeInput = (input: string): string => {
return input
.replace(/[^\w\s-]/gi, '') // Remove special characters
.trim()
.substring(0, 255); // Limit length
};
// XSS Prevention
import DOMPurify from 'isomorphic-dompurify';
const sanitizeHtml = (dirty: string): string => {
return DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty, {
ALLOWED_TAGS: ['b', 'i', 'em', 'strong', 'a'],
ALLOWED_ATTR: ['href']
});
};
```
#### Encryption Implementation
```typescript
// Encryption utilities
import crypto from 'crypto';
class EncryptionService {
private algorithm = 'aes-256-gcm';
private keyDerivation = 'pbkdf2';
private iterations = 100000;
private keyLength = 32;
private saltLength = 16;
private tagLength = 16;
private ivLength = 16;
async encryptData(plaintext: string, masterKey: string): Promise<EncryptedData> {
const salt = crypto.randomBytes(this.saltLength);
const iv = crypto.randomBytes(this.ivLength);
const key = crypto.pbkdf2Sync(
masterKey,
salt,
this.iterations,
this.keyLength,
'sha256'
);
const cipher = crypto.createCipheriv(this.algorithm, key, iv);
let encrypted = cipher.update(plaintext, 'utf8', 'hex');
encrypted += cipher.final('hex');
const authTag = cipher.getAuthTag();
return {
encrypted,
salt: salt.toString('hex'),
iv: iv.toString('hex'),
authTag: authTag.toString('hex'),
algorithm: this.algorithm,
iterations: this.iterations
};
}
async decryptData(encryptedData: EncryptedData, masterKey: string): Promise<string> {
const salt = Buffer.from(encryptedData.salt, 'hex');
const iv = Buffer.from(encryptedData.iv, 'hex');
const authTag = Buffer.from(encryptedData.authTag, 'hex');
const key = crypto.pbkdf2Sync(
masterKey,
salt,
encryptedData.iterations,
this.keyLength,
'sha256'
);
const decipher = crypto.createDecipheriv(this.algorithm, key, iv);
decipher.setAuthTag(authTag);
let decrypted = decipher.update(encryptedData.encrypted, 'hex', 'utf8');
decrypted += decipher.final('utf8');
return decrypted;
}
generateSecureToken(length: number = 32): string {
return crypto.randomBytes(length).toString('hex');
}
hashPassword(password: string): Promise<string> {
return bcrypt.hash(password, 12);
}
verifyPassword(password: string, hash: string): Promise<boolean> {
return bcrypt.compare(password, hash);
}
}
```
### Administrative Controls
#### Security Policies
1. **Access Control Policy**
- Principle of least privilege
- Role-based access control
- Regular access reviews
- Automated de-provisioning
2. **Data Classification Policy**
- Public, Internal, Confidential, Restricted
- Handling requirements per classification
- Encryption requirements
- Retention policies
3. **Incident Response Policy**
- 24/7 incident response team
- Escalation procedures
- Communication protocols
- Post-incident reviews
4. **Change Management Policy**
- Security review for all changes
- Automated testing requirements
- Rollback procedures
- Change approval workflow
### Physical Controls
1. **Data Center Security**
- 24/7 physical security
- Biometric access controls
- Environmental monitoring
- Redundant power and cooling
2. **Hardware Security**
- Secure boot
- TPM modules
- Hardware encryption
- Secure disposal procedures
## Authentication & Authorization
### Multi-Factor Authentication Flow
```mermaid
sequenceDiagram
participant User
participant App
participant Auth Service
participant MFA Service
participant Token Store
User->>App: Login with credentials
App->>Auth Service: Validate credentials
Auth Service-->>App: Credentials valid
App->>MFA Service: Request MFA challenge
MFA Service-->>User: Send MFA code
User->>App: Submit MFA code
App->>MFA Service: Validate MFA code
MFA Service-->>App: MFA valid
App->>Token Store: Generate tokens
Token Store-->>App: Access & refresh tokens
App-->>User: Authentication complete
```
### RBAC Implementation
```typescript
// Role definitions
const roles = {
ADMIN: {
permissions: ['*'],
inherits: []
},
DEVELOPER: {
permissions: [
'tools:read',
'tools:write',
'tools:execute',
'contexts:read',
'contexts:write'
],
inherits: ['USER']
},
USER: {
permissions: [
'tools:read',
'tools:execute',
'contexts:read',
'profile:read',
'profile:write'
],
inherits: []
},
VIEWER: {
permissions: [
'tools:read',
'contexts:read',
'profile:read'
],
inherits: []
}
};
// Permission middleware
const requirePermission = (permission: string) => {
return async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
const user = req.user;
const userPermissions = getUserPermissions(user.roles);
if (userPermissions.includes('*') || userPermissions.includes(permission)) {
next();
} else {
res.status(403).json({
error: 'FORBIDDEN',
message: 'Insufficient permissions',
required: permission
});
}
};
};
```
### Session Management
```typescript
// Session configuration
const sessionConfig = {
secret: process.env.SESSION_SECRET,
name: 'mcp.sid',
resave: false,
saveUninitialized: false,
rolling: true,
cookie: {
secure: true,
httpOnly: true,
sameSite: 'strict',
maxAge: 3600000, // 1 hour
domain: '.secure-mcp.enterprise.com'
},
store: new RedisStore({
client: redisClient,
prefix: 'sess:',
ttl: 3600
})
};
// Session validation
const validateSession = async (sessionId: string): Promise<boolean> => {
const session = await sessionStore.get(sessionId);
if (!session) return false;
// Check session expiry
if (session.expiresAt < Date.now()) {
await sessionStore.delete(sessionId);
return false;
}
// Check session binding
if (session.ipAddress !== req.ip || session.userAgent !== req.get('User-Agent')) {
await sessionStore.delete(sessionId);
await auditLog.warn('Session binding mismatch', { sessionId });
return false;
}
return true;
};
```
## Data Protection
### Encryption Standards
| Data Type | At Rest | In Transit | Key Management |
|-----------|---------|------------|----------------|
| User Credentials | Argon2id | TLS 1.3 | N/A (hashed) |
| JWT Tokens | N/A | TLS 1.3 | RSA 4096 |
| Database | AES-256-GCM | TLS 1.3 | Vault KMS |
| File Storage | AES-256-GCM | TLS 1.3 | Vault KMS |
| Backups | AES-256-GCM | TLS 1.3 | Offline keys |
| Logs | AES-256-GCM | TLS 1.3 | Vault KMS |
### Key Management
```bash
# Generate master encryption key
openssl rand -hex 32 > master-key.txt
# Store in Vault
vault kv put secret/mcp/encryption \
master_key="$(cat master-key.txt)" \
created_at="$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)" \
rotation_schedule="90d"
# Key rotation script
#!/bin/bash
OLD_KEY=$(vault kv get -field=master_key secret/mcp/encryption)
NEW_KEY=$(openssl rand -hex 32)
# Re-encrypt data with new key
./scripts/rotate-encryption-key.sh $OLD_KEY $NEW_KEY
# Update Vault
vault kv put secret/mcp/encryption \
master_key="$NEW_KEY" \
previous_key="$OLD_KEY" \
rotated_at="$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)"
```
### Data Loss Prevention
```typescript
// DLP Rules
const dlpRules = [
{
name: 'Credit Card Detection',
pattern: /\b(?:\d[ -]*?){13,16}\b/,
action: 'block',
alert: true
},
{
name: 'SSN Detection',
pattern: /\b\d{3}-\d{2}-\d{4}\b/,
action: 'redact',
alert: true
},
{
name: 'API Key Detection',
pattern: /\b[A-Za-z0-9]{32,}\b/,
action: 'alert',
alert: true
}
];
// DLP middleware
const dlpMiddleware = (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
const originalSend = res.send;
res.send = function(data: any) {
let processedData = data;
if (typeof data === 'string') {
dlpRules.forEach(rule => {
if (rule.pattern.test(data)) {
auditLog.alert(`DLP violation: ${rule.name}`, {
userId: req.user?.id,
endpoint: req.path
});
if (rule.action === 'block') {
return res.status(403).json({
error: 'DLP_VIOLATION',
message: 'Response contains sensitive data'
});
} else if (rule.action === 'redact') {
processedData = data.replace(rule.pattern, '[REDACTED]');
}
}
});
}
return originalSend.call(this, processedData);
};
next();
};
```
## Network Security
### Network Segmentation
```yaml
Network Segments:
Public Subnet (10.0.1.0/24):
- Load Balancers
- NAT Gateways
- Bastion Hosts
Application Subnet (10.0.2.0/24):
- MCP Servers
- API Servers
- WebSocket Servers
Data Subnet (10.0.3.0/24):
- PostgreSQL
- Redis
- Elasticsearch
Management Subnet (10.0.4.0/24):
- Monitoring Services
- Log Aggregation
- Admin Interfaces
```
### Firewall Rules
```bash
# Ingress Rules
aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress \
--group-id sg-app \
--protocol tcp \
--port 443 \
--source-group sg-lb
aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress \
--group-id sg-db \
--protocol tcp \
--port 5432 \
--source-group sg-app
# Egress Rules
aws ec2 authorize-security-group-egress \
--group-id sg-app \
--protocol tcp \
--port 443 \
--cidr 0.0.0.0/0
# Network ACLs
aws ec2 create-network-acl-entry \
--network-acl-id acl-data \
--rule-number 100 \
--protocol tcp \
--rule-action deny \
--ingress \
--port-range From=0,To=65535 \
--cidr-block 0.0.0.0/0
```
### TLS Configuration
```nginx
# nginx.conf
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
server_name api.secure-mcp.enterprise.com;
# SSL Configuration
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/cert.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/key.pem;
ssl_protocols TLSv1.3;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
ssl_session_tickets off;
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
# Security Headers
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;
add_header X-Frame-Options "DENY" always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline';" always;
add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" always;
}
```
## Application Security
### Secure Coding Practices
```typescript
// Secure random number generation
import crypto from 'crypto';
const generateSecureRandom = (bytes: number = 32): string => {
return crypto.randomBytes(bytes).toString('hex');
};
// Secure comparison to prevent timing attacks
const secureCompare = (a: string, b: string): boolean => {
if (a.length !== b.length) return false;
return crypto.timingSafeEqual(Buffer.from(a), Buffer.from(b));
};
// SQL injection prevention with parameterized queries
const getUserById = async (userId: string): Promise<User> => {
const query = 'SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = $1';
const result = await db.query(query, [userId]);
return result.rows[0];
};
// Command injection prevention
import { spawn } from 'child_process';
const executeCommand = (command: string, args: string[]): Promise<string> => {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
// Never use shell: true
const child = spawn(command, args, {
shell: false,
env: {
...process.env,
PATH: '/usr/bin:/bin' // Restricted PATH
}
});
let output = '';
child.stdout.on('data', (data) => {
output += data.toString();
});
child.on('close', (code) => {
if (code === 0) {
resolve(output);
} else {
reject(new Error(`Command failed with code ${code}`));
}
});
});
};
```
### Dependency Security
```json
// package.json security scripts
{
"scripts": {
"security:audit": "npm audit --production",
"security:fix": "npm audit fix --force",
"security:check": "snyk test",
"security:monitor": "snyk monitor",
"security:update": "npm-check-updates -u && npm install",
"security:licenses": "license-checker --production --summary"
}
}
```
```bash
# Automated dependency scanning
#!/bin/bash
# Run npm audit
npm audit --json > audit-report.json
# Check for critical vulnerabilities
CRITICAL=$(jq '.metadata.vulnerabilities.critical' audit-report.json)
HIGH=$(jq '.metadata.vulnerabilities.high' audit-report.json)
if [ "$CRITICAL" -gt 0 ] || [ "$HIGH" -gt 0 ]; then
echo "Critical or high vulnerabilities found!"
exit 1
fi
# Snyk scanning
snyk test --severity-threshold=high
# OWASP dependency check
dependency-check.sh \
--project "Secure MCP Server" \
--scan ./package-lock.json \
--format JSON \
--out ./dependency-check-report.json \
--suppression ./suppression.xml
```
### Container Security
```dockerfile
# Dockerfile security best practices
FROM node:20-alpine AS base
# Run as non-root user
RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S nodejs && \
adduser -S nodejs -u 1001
# Security updates
RUN apk update && \
apk upgrade && \
apk add --no-cache \
dumb-init \
&& rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*
# Production stage
FROM base AS production
WORKDIR /app
# Copy only necessary files
COPY --chown=nodejs:nodejs package*.json ./
RUN npm ci --only=production && \
npm cache clean --force
COPY --chown=nodejs:nodejs dist ./dist
# Security scanning labels
LABEL security.scan="true" \
security.scan.tool="trivy" \
security.compliance="cis-docker-benchmark"
# Switch to non-root user
USER nodejs
# Use dumb-init to handle signals
ENTRYPOINT ["dumb-init", "--"]
CMD ["node", "dist/index.js"]
# Health check
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
CMD node healthcheck.js
```
```yaml
# Pod Security Policy
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
name: mcp-security-policy
spec:
privileged: false
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
requiredDropCapabilities:
- ALL
volumes:
- 'configMap'
- 'emptyDir'
- 'projected'
- 'secret'
- 'downwardAPI'
- 'persistentVolumeClaim'
hostNetwork: false
hostIPC: false
hostPID: false
runAsUser:
rule: 'MustRunAsNonRoot'
seLinux:
rule: 'RunAsAny'
supplementalGroups:
rule: 'RunAsAny'
fsGroup:
rule: 'RunAsAny'
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
```
## Security Monitoring
### Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)
```typescript
// Security event logging
class SecurityLogger {
private siem: SIEMClient;
constructor() {
this.siem = new SIEMClient({
endpoint: process.env.SIEM_ENDPOINT,
apiKey: process.env.SIEM_API_KEY
});
}
async logSecurityEvent(event: SecurityEvent): Promise<void> {
const enrichedEvent = {
...event,
timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
hostname: os.hostname(),
processId: process.pid,
environment: process.env.NODE_ENV,
correlationId: generateCorrelationId()
};
// Send to SIEM
await this.siem.send(enrichedEvent);
// Local logging
logger.security(enrichedEvent);
// Critical events trigger alerts
if (event.severity === 'critical') {
await this.triggerAlert(enrichedEvent);
}
}
async logAuthenticationFailure(userId: string, reason: string, metadata: any): Promise<void> {
await this.logSecurityEvent({
type: 'authentication_failure',
severity: 'warning',
userId,
reason,
metadata,
category: 'authentication'
});
}
async logAuthorizationFailure(userId: string, resource: string, action: string): Promise<void> {
await this.logSecurityEvent({
type: 'authorization_failure',
severity: 'warning',
userId,
resource,
action,
category: 'authorization'
});
}
async logSuspiciousActivity(userId: string, activity: string, risk_score: number): Promise<void> {
await this.logSecurityEvent({
type: 'suspicious_activity',
severity: risk_score > 80 ? 'critical' : 'warning',
userId,
activity,
risk_score,
category: 'threat_detection'
});
}
}
```
### Intrusion Detection
```yaml
# Falco rules for runtime security
- rule: Unauthorized Process
desc: Detect unauthorized process execution
condition: >
spawned_process and
container and
container.image.repository = "secure-mcp-server" and
not proc.name in (node, npm, sh)
output: >
Unauthorized process started
(user=%user.name command=%proc.cmdline container=%container.id)
priority: WARNING
- rule: Write to System Directory
desc: Detect writes to system directories
condition: >
open_write and
container and
(fd.name startswith /etc or
fd.name startswith /usr or
fd.name startswith /bin)
output: >
Write to system directory
(user=%user.name file=%fd.name container=%container.id)
priority: ERROR
- rule: Network Connection to Suspicious IP
desc: Detect connections to suspicious IPs
condition: >
outbound and
container and
not (fd.ip in (trusted_ips))
output: >
Suspicious network connection
(container=%container.id connection=%fd.name)
priority: WARNING
```
### Security Metrics and KPIs
```typescript
// Security metrics collection
const securityMetrics = {
authenticationAttempts: new prometheus.Counter({
name: 'auth_attempts_total',
help: 'Total authentication attempts',
labelNames: ['status', 'method']
}),
authorizationFailures: new prometheus.Counter({
name: 'authz_failures_total',
help: 'Total authorization failures',
labelNames: ['resource', 'action']
}),
securityViolations: new prometheus.Counter({
name: 'security_violations_total',
help: 'Total security violations',
labelNames: ['type', 'severity']
}),
encryptionOperations: new prometheus.Histogram({
name: 'encryption_duration_seconds',
help: 'Encryption operation duration',
labelNames: ['operation', 'algorithm']
}),
vulnerabilitiesDetected: new prometheus.Gauge({
name: 'vulnerabilities_detected',
help: 'Number of vulnerabilities detected',
labelNames: ['severity']
})
};
```
## Incident Response
### Incident Response Plan
#### 1. Detection Phase
```bash
# Automated detection rules
alert SecurityIncident {
expr: |
rate(security_violations_total[5m]) > 10 or
rate(auth_failures_total[5m]) > 20 or
suspicious_activity_score > 80
for: 2m
labels:
severity: critical
team: security
annotations:
summary: "Security incident detected"
description: "{{ $labels.instance }} has triggered security alert"
}
```
#### 2. Containment Phase
```typescript
// Automated containment actions
class IncidentContainment {
async containUser(userId: string, reason: string): Promise<void> {
// Suspend user account
await userService.suspend(userId);
// Terminate all active sessions
await sessionService.terminateAllSessions(userId);
// Revoke all tokens
await tokenService.revokeAllTokens(userId);
// Block IP addresses
const sessions = await sessionService.getUserSessions(userId);
for (const session of sessions) {
await firewallService.blockIP(session.ipAddress, reason);
}
// Log incident
await securityLogger.logIncident({
type: 'user_containment',
userId,
reason,
actions: ['account_suspended', 'sessions_terminated', 'tokens_revoked', 'ips_blocked']
});
}
async isolateContainer(containerId: string): Promise<void> {
// Disconnect from network
await docker.disconnectNetwork(containerId);
// Capture forensic data
await this.captureForensics(containerId);
// Stop container
await docker.stopContainer(containerId);
}
}
```
#### 3. Investigation Phase
```bash
# Forensic data collection script
#!/bin/bash
INCIDENT_ID=$1
CONTAINER_ID=$2
# Create incident directory
mkdir -p /forensics/$INCIDENT_ID
# Capture container logs
docker logs $CONTAINER_ID > /forensics/$INCIDENT_ID/container.log 2>&1
# Capture process list
docker exec $CONTAINER_ID ps auxf > /forensics/$INCIDENT_ID/processes.txt
# Capture network connections
docker exec $CONTAINER_ID netstat -tulpn > /forensics/$INCIDENT_ID/network.txt
# Capture file system changes
docker diff $CONTAINER_ID > /forensics/$INCIDENT_ID/filesystem_changes.txt
# Create container image for analysis
docker commit $CONTAINER_ID forensics:$INCIDENT_ID
# Generate timeline
docker events --since 1h --until now > /forensics/$INCIDENT_ID/timeline.txt
# Calculate hashes for integrity
find /forensics/$INCIDENT_ID -type f -exec sha256sum {} \; > /forensics/$INCIDENT_ID/hashes.txt
```
#### 4. Recovery Phase
```typescript
// Recovery procedures
class IncidentRecovery {
async restoreService(): Promise<void> {
// Verify system integrity
const integrityCheck = await this.verifySystemIntegrity();
if (!integrityCheck.passed) {
throw new Error('System integrity check failed');
}
// Restore from clean backup
await this.restoreFromBackup();
// Apply security patches
await this.applySecurityPatches();
// Reset credentials
await this.rotateAllCredentials();
// Enable monitoring
await this.enableEnhancedMonitoring();
// Gradual service restoration
await this.gradualServiceRestore();
}
async postIncidentActions(): Promise<void> {
// Generate incident report
const report = await this.generateIncidentReport();
// Update security controls
await this.updateSecurityControls(report.recommendations);
// Conduct lessons learned session
await this.scheduleLessonsLearned();
// Update documentation
await this.updateRunbooks(report.findings);
}
}
```
### Incident Communication
```yaml
# Incident communication matrix
communication_matrix:
P1_Critical:
internal:
- ciso@enterprise.com
- cto@enterprise.com
- legal@enterprise.com
external:
- customers (if data breach)
- law enforcement (if criminal)
- regulatory bodies (if compliance)
timeline: immediate
P2_High:
internal:
- security-team@enterprise.com
- ops-team@enterprise.com
external:
- affected partners
timeline: within 1 hour
P3_Medium:
internal:
- security-team@enterprise.com
external: none
timeline: within 4 hours
```
## Compliance
### Compliance Frameworks
#### SOC 2 Type II Controls
```yaml
SOC2_Controls:
CC1_Control_Environment:
- Security awareness training
- Background checks
- Code of conduct
CC2_Communication_Information:
- Security policies documentation
- Incident reporting procedures
- Customer communication protocols
CC3_Risk_Assessment:
- Annual risk assessments
- Threat modeling
- Vulnerability scanning
CC4_Monitoring:
- Continuous security monitoring
- Log analysis
- Security metrics tracking
CC5_Control_Activities:
- Access control procedures
- Change management
- Configuration management
CC6_Logical_Access:
- Authentication controls
- Authorization matrix
- Privileged access management
CC7_System_Operations:
- Incident response procedures
- Backup and recovery
- Capacity planning
CC8_Change_Management:
- Change approval process
- Testing procedures
- Rollback procedures
CC9_Risk_Mitigation:
- Risk treatment plans
- Control implementation
- Insurance coverage
```
#### ISO 27001 Controls
```yaml
ISO_27001_Controls:
A5_Information_Security_Policies:
implemented: true
evidence:
- /docs/security-policy.pdf
- /docs/acceptable-use-policy.pdf
A6_Organization_Security:
implemented: true
evidence:
- /docs/roles-responsibilities.pdf
- /docs/security-organization.pdf
A7_Human_Resource_Security:
implemented: true
evidence:
- /hr/background-checks/
- /hr/security-training/
A8_Asset_Management:
implemented: true
evidence:
- /inventory/assets.xlsx
- /inventory/data-classification.xlsx
A9_Access_Control:
implemented: true
evidence:
- /access/rbac-matrix.xlsx
- /access/user-access-reviews/
A10_Cryptography:
implemented: true
evidence:
- /crypto/key-management.pdf
- /crypto/encryption-standards.pdf
A11_Physical_Security:
implemented: true
evidence:
- /physical/datacenter-security.pdf
- /physical/access-logs/
A12_Operations_Security:
implemented: true
evidence:
- /ops/change-management/
- /ops/vulnerability-management/
A13_Communications_Security:
implemented: true
evidence:
- /network/network-security.pdf
- /network/segmentation.pdf
A14_Development_Security:
implemented: true
evidence:
- /dev/secure-coding-standards.pdf
- /dev/security-testing/
```
### Audit Logging
```typescript
// Comprehensive audit logging
class AuditLogger {
private readonly requiredFields = [
'timestamp',
'userId',
'action',
'resource',
'result',
'ipAddress',
'userAgent'
];
async log(event: AuditEvent): Promise<void> {
// Validate required fields
this.validateEvent(event);
// Add metadata
const auditEntry = {
...event,
id: uuid(),
timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
hostname: os.hostname(),
version: '1.0',
signature: this.signEvent(event)
};
// Store in multiple locations for redundancy
await Promise.all([
this.storeInDatabase(auditEntry),
this.storeInFile(auditEntry),
this.sendToSIEM(auditEntry)
]);
}
private signEvent(event: AuditEvent): string {
const data = JSON.stringify(event);
const signature = crypto
.createHmac('sha256', process.env.AUDIT_SIGNING_KEY)
.update(data)
.digest('hex');
return signature;
}
async queryAuditLogs(criteria: QueryCriteria): Promise<AuditEntry[]> {
// Ensure query is authorized
await this.authorizeQuery(criteria.requestor);
// Query with filters
const logs = await db.query(`
SELECT * FROM audit_logs
WHERE timestamp >= $1
AND timestamp <= $2
AND ($3::text IS NULL OR userId = $3)
AND ($4::text IS NULL OR action = $4)
ORDER BY timestamp DESC
LIMIT $5
`, [
criteria.startDate,
criteria.endDate,
criteria.userId,
criteria.action,
criteria.limit || 1000
]);
// Verify signatures
return logs.filter(log => this.verifySignature(log));
}
}
```
## Security Best Practices
### Development Security Checklist
- [ ] Input validation on all user inputs
- [ ] Output encoding for all outputs
- [ ] Parameterized queries for database access
- [ ] Secure session management
- [ ] Strong authentication mechanisms
- [ ] Proper error handling without information leakage
- [ ] Secure communication (TLS/SSL)
- [ ] Security headers implementation
- [ ] Rate limiting on all endpoints
- [ ] Security testing in CI/CD pipeline
- [ ] Dependency vulnerability scanning
- [ ] Code security review
- [ ] Penetration testing
- [ ] Security documentation updated
### Operational Security Checklist
- [ ] Regular security patches applied
- [ ] Security monitoring active
- [ ] Audit logs reviewed regularly
- [ ] Access reviews conducted quarterly
- [ ] Incident response plan tested
- [ ] Backup and recovery tested
- [ ] Security metrics tracked
- [ ] Compliance audits completed
- [ ] Security training conducted
- [ ] Third-party security assessments
- [ ] Vulnerability scanning performed
- [ ] Security policies reviewed annually
- [ ] Disaster recovery plan tested
- [ ] Security insurance reviewed
### Security Contact Information
**Security Team**
- Email: security@enterprise.com
- Phone: +1-555-SEC-RITY (24/7)
- PagerDuty: security-oncall
**Incident Response**
- Email: incident-response@enterprise.com
- Phone: +1-555-INCIDENT (24/7)
- Slack: #security-incidents
**Security Reports**
- Email: security-reports@enterprise.com
- Bug Bounty: https://hackerone.com/secure-mcp
**Compliance**
- Email: compliance@enterprise.com
- Phone: +1-555-COMPLY-1
## Security Resources
### Documentation
- [OWASP Top 10](https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/)
- [NIST Cybersecurity Framework](https://www.nist.gov/cyberframework)
- [CIS Controls](https://www.cisecurity.org/controls)
- [SANS Security Resources](https://www.sans.org/security-resources)
### Tools
- [Snyk](https://snyk.io/) - Vulnerability scanning
- [Vault](https://www.vaultproject.io/) - Secret management
- [Falco](https://falco.org/) - Runtime security
- [OWASP ZAP](https://www.zaproxy.org/) - Security testing
### Training
- Security awareness training: Quarterly
- Secure coding training: Bi-annually
- Incident response drills: Quarterly
- Compliance training: Annually